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1959 in Vietnam saw the country still split into South Vietnam, ruled by President Ngô Đình Diệm, and communist North Vietnam whose leader was Ho Chi Minh. North Vietnam authorized the Viet Cong to undertake limited military action as well as political action to subvert the Diệm government. North Vietnam also authorized the construction of what would become known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Armed encounters between the Viet Cong and the government of South Vietnam became more frequent and with larger numbers involved. In September, 360 soldiers of the South Vietnamese army were ambushed by a force of about one hundred guerrillas.〔; Spector, p. 331〕 In August an election chose the members of South Vietnam's National Assembly. The election was marred by intimidation and fraud by Diệm's party which won the majority of seats. Diệm's most prominent critic, Phan Quang Đán, was elected but was prevented from serving in the Assembly. Diệm began the year seeming to be firmly in control of South Vietnam, but Viet Cong military successes began to impact his government by the end of the year. ==January== Summing up President Ngô Đình Diệm's accomplishments over the several years preceding 1959 an American historian said. "Bolstered by some $190 million a year in American military and economic aid, Diệm enforced at least a degree of governmental authority throughout South Vietnam. His regime resettled the refugees, achieved a measure of economic prosperity, and promulgated what was, on paper, a progressive land reform policy. By means of a series of harsh and indiscriminate but effective anti-Communist "denunciation" campaigns, Diệm made progress in destroying the remaining Viet Minh organization in the countryside. His troops kept the surviving sect and Communist guerrillas on the run, and his government attempted to establish mass organizations of its own to control and indoctrinate the people.〔Cosmas, Graham A. (2006), ''MACV The Joint Command in the Years of Escalation, 1962-1967'', Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, p. 10〕 ; 1 January The Viet Cong were estimated to number 5,000. ; 12 January The Central Committee of the Communist Party of North Vietnam met in Hanoi to "discuss the situation inside the country since the signing of the Geneva Accords of 1954 and bring forward the revolutionary line for the entire country and the southern revolution." Lê Duẩn, General Secretary of the Party, who had recently returned from a clandestine visit to South Vietnam, spoke about the losses the Viet Cong had suffered as a result of the increasing aggressiveness of the Diệm Government aided by more that $965 million (about $6.7 billion in 2014 dollars) in U.S. assistance, mostly military, since 1955. Lê Duẩn proposed that it was time to complement the political struggle in South Vietnam with military action. The North Vietnamese communists were being accused by Viet Cong of cowardice for not helping it in their struggle against Diệm.〔Asselin, Pierre ''Hanoi's Road to the Vietnam War, 1954-1965'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013, pp. 51-53〕 ; 22 January Influenced by the reports of Lê Duẩn and others the Central Committee of the Communist Party of North Vietnam adopted Resolution 15. The resolution sanctioned armed force to "end the plight of the poor and miserable people in the South" and "defeat each wicked policy of the American imperialists and their puppets." The content and adoption of Resolution 15 remained a closely held secret among senior Party members until details were worked out for its implementation. Moderates, probably including Ho Chi Minh and General Võ Nguyên Giáp, were reluctant to support a revolutionary struggle in South Vietnam. However, Party members, in the words of one historian, were convinced that they "could no longer continue to advocate restraint without losing the control and allegiance of the southern communists as well as the reunification struggle with Diệm."〔Asselin, pp. 53-59〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1959 in the Vietnam War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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